Discrete Breathers in FCC and FCT Crystals
УДК 548
Abstract
The review is devoted to the study of discrete breathers in A3B, AB stoichiometry crystals, and in monoatomic crystals. A brief history of the development of the concept of discrete breathers in crystals is given, and possible ways for further research are considered. The data to support the fact that the existence of discrete breathers requires the presence of discreteness and nonlinearity of the system under study are provided.
In the reviewed works, the study of discrete breathers was carried out by the method of molecular dynamics, using both pairwise and many-body potentials.
Using Pt3Al and CuAu crystals as examples, it was shown that discrete breathers with hard type nonlinearity are able to concentrate energy on the order of several electron volts, being mobile and able to move across the crystal along close-packed directions. Two mechanisms of excitation of discrete breathers with a soft type nonlinearity in the A3B stoichiometry crystal by a particle flow are revealed. It has been demonstrated that external fields oscillating with a frequency outside the phonon spectrum of an A3B crystal may cause excitation of discrete breathers with a soft nonlinearity type near its surface. For metals Pt, Au, Ni, Pd, Cu, the dependence of the lifetime of discrete breathers on their Poisson's ratio is shown. The amplitude-frequency characteristics and the dependences of the lifetime of discrete breathers on the initial excitation parameters are given.
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