“Little Europe”: First Integration Projects of Western European States in the 1940s
Abstract
The article is devoted to attempts to the establish the first integration associations in Western Europe after the Second World War. Before the European Coal and Steel Community was founded in 1951, the French government had repeatedly proposed several variants of a custom and economic union. These projects more commonly known as Fritalux, Finebel or Benefit remained unfulfilled for political and economic reasons. France's intention to exclude Germany from the future integration was not supported by Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and other countries of Western Europe. They connected the post-war reconstruction with the use of German resources and industrial capacity. The United States also played an important role in the rejection of the first integration projects, because the USA preferred a broad economic association to be established. Despite the failure of Fritalux and Finebel, a discussion of these projects allowed the French Government to determine a more accurate format of the future integration of unification.
DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)2-33
Downloads
Metrics
References
Европейский Союз на пороге XXI века: выбор стратегии развития / под ред. Ю.А. Борко и О.В. Буториной. - М., 2001.
История европейской интеграции (1945-1994) / под ред. А.С. Намазовой. - М., 1995.
Симмс Б. Европа. Борьба за господство : пер. с англ. - М., 2017.
Чубарьян А.О. Европейская идея в истории: проблемы войны и мира. - М., 1987.
Baldwin R., Wyplosz S. The Economics of European Integration. - N. Y, 2015.
Hogan M. The Marshall Plan. America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952. N. Y., 1987.
Eichengreen B. The European Economy Since 1945: Coordinated Capitalism and Beyond. - Princeton, 2008.
Liddle R. The Europe Dilemma: Britain and the Drama of EU Integration. - N. Y, 2014.
Mason D. A Concise History of Modern Europe: Liberty, Equality, Solidarity. - N. Y, 2015.
Milward A. The Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1945-1951. - Berkely, 1984.
Griffits R., Lynch F. The Fritalux - Finebel Negotiations, 1949-1950. European Institute Working Paper 84/117, November 1984.
Accord economique de consultation mutuelle [Electronic resourse]. URL: http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/ archives/1945/0071/1945A09011.html
Малышева Н.С. Политика США в отношении европейской экономической интеграции (1945-1951 гг.). - Барнаул, 2014.
Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS). 1949. Vol. IV. Western Europe. Wash., D.Q, 1975.
Hopkins M. Oliver Franks and the Truman Administration: Anglo-American Relations, 1948-1952. - L., 2003.
Raucher A. Paul G. Hoffman, Architect of Foreign Aid. - Lexington, 1985.
Izvestiya of Altai State University is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Izvestiya of Altai State University allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to Izvestiya of Altai State University) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
