The Question of Correlation between Russian Peasantry’s Conception of Customary Law in the Sphere of Criminal Law and the Rules of the Written Criminal Law in Russia in the 19th Century
Abstract
The article analyses the nature of a Russian peasant community as a system forming element in the history of the home state and national law. The phenomenon of crime in the Russian customary law is considered from different points of view. A crime is defined as violation of a rule of the religious law, as an infringement of the God’s rights. Based on the contents of the Decalogue, the article offers the following structure of the “special part” of the customary criminal law in Russia: crimes against faith, crimes against parents’ power, crimes against life, crimes against marriage and family, crimes committed for mercenary motives and crimes against justice. From the point of view of social danger, murder was not in the first line of the crime list. Township courts firmly refused to consider murder cases as those beyond their jurisdiction. The most socially dangerous crime was offence against the Church and faith. The practice of peasant courts determines that a theft committed on account of penury did not come within the definition of a crime. Finally, the article makes a conclusion on the fundamental discrepancy between the system of the written criminal law of the Empire and the Russian peasantry’s conception of customary law in the sphere of criminal law.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)3-01Downloads
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