On the Problem of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Mass Composition Evaluation from Lateral Distributions of EAS Charged Particles Measured at Different Ranges of Radial Distances
УДК 53
Abstract
The results of the analysis of simulations of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays are presented. The analysis was performed within the framework of the scaling approach developed by the authors to describe the lateral distribution functions of electrons and muons of EAS. We discuss a method to evaluate the mass composition of cosmic rays from the experimental data of existing ground-based hybrid experiments with consideration of the potential of their forthcoming extensions as well as the next generation experiments. The discussed method allows minimizing the influence of the uncertainty of nuclear interaction model, instrumental and methodical biases on physical conclusions with respect to the type of primary particle.
It is shown that the use of the scale parameters of the lateral distributions as an indicator of primary particle, as well as the universal relationship between the scale parameters of the lateral distribution and the (longitudinal) age of the cascade, provides improving mass composition estimations on both the average and event-by-event basis by a single method in a wide primary energy range.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Sarazin F., Anchordoqui J.L. Beatty at al. What is the Nature and Origin of the Highrst-Energy Particles in the Universe? // Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 2019. 51 (3).
Aloisio R., Berezinsky V., Blasi P. Ultra high energy cosmic rays: implications of Auger data for source spectra and chemical composition // Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2014.10.
Aloisio R. Acceleration and propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays // Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. 2017. 07.
Kampert K.-H.,Unger M. Measurements of the cosmic ray composition with air shower experiments // Astropart. Phys. 2012. 35.10.
Haungs A. Cosmic Rays from the Knee to the Ankle // Physics Procedia. 2015. 61.
Abbasi R.U., Abe M., Abu-Zayyad T. et al. Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray composition using Telescope Array’s Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode // Astropart. Phys. 2015 . 64.
Yushkov A., Risse M., Werner M., Krieg J. Determination of the proton-to-helium ratio in cosmic rays at ultra-high energies from the tail of the Xmax distribution // Astropart. Phys. 2016.85.
Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M. et al. Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the 'ankle’ in the cosmic-ray spectrum//Physics Letters B. 2016. 762.
Buitink S., Corstanje A., Falcke H.et al. A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017 - 10175 electronvolts from radio observations // Nature. 2016. 531.
Yushkov A. Recent results from the Pierre Auger Observatory on the mass composition and hadronic interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays // EPJ Web of Conferences. 2017. 145. 05002.
Horandel J.R., Bonardi A., Buitink S. et al. The mass composition of cosmic rays measured with LOFAR // EPJ Web of Conferences. 2017. 136. 02001.
Chiavassa A. Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum and chemical composition in the 1015 - 1018 eV energy range // EPJ Web of Conferences. 2018. 172. 07001.
Hanlon W., Bellido J., Belz J. et al. Report of the Working Group on the Mass Composition of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays // JPS Conf. Proc. 2018. 19. 011013.
Karpikov I.S., Rubtsov G.I., Zhezher Ya.V. Lower limit on the ultrahigh-energy proton-tohelium ratio from the measurements of the tail of the Xmax distribution // Phys. Rev. D. 2018. 98. 10. 103002.
Abu-Zayyad T., Deligny O., Ikeda D. Auger-TA energy spectrum working group report // EPJ Web of Conferences. 2019. 210. 01002.
Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M. et al. Observation of a Large-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays above 8x1018 eV. // Science. 2017. 357. 635.
Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M. et al. Large-scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropies above 4 EeV Measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. // Astrophys. J. 2018. 868. 4.
Raikin R., Serebryakova T., Volkov N., Lagutin A. On the efficiency of the evaluation of the primary cosmic ray composition using lateral distributions of air shower electron and muon components // Journal of Physics: Conf. Series. 2019. 1181. 012032.
Raikin R.I., Serebryakova T.L., Lagutin A.A., Volkov N.V. Improving the accuracy of cosmic ray mass composition estimation using the scale factor ofthe electron lateral distribution in air showers // Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 2017. 81. 4.
Raikin R., Serebryakova T., Lagutin A., Volkov N. Model-Stable Universality of the Air Shower Electromagnetic Component: an Approach to Solving the Mass Composition Problem // EPJ Web Conf. 2017. 145. 19014.
Lagutin A.A., Raikin R.I., Serebryakova T.L. Air shower universality in the energy range of 1014 to 1022 eV // Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 2013. 77. 5.
Raikin R.I., Lagutin A.A. Changes in mass composition of primary cosmic rays above the knee: towards a model-independent evaluation // Proc. 32nd ICRC 2011: Beijing, China. 2011. 1.
Raikin R.I., Lagutin A.A. Model-independent approach to deducing the mass composition of primary cosmic rays on the basis of the scale invariance in the radial distribution of electrons in extensive air showers // Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 2011. 75. 3.
Raikin R.I., Lagutin A.A., Tyumentsev A.G. Model-insensitive approach to the cosmic ray primary mass composition deduction // Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 2009. 196.
Raikin R.I., Lagutin A.A., Yushkov A.V. Cosmic ray primary mass composition above the knee: deduction from lateral distribution of electrons // Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 2008. 175-176.
Lagutin A.A., Raikin R.I., Inoue N., Misaki A. Electron lateral distribution in air showers: Scaling formalism and its implications // J. Phys. G. 2002. 28.
Lagutin A.A., Raikin R.I. Lateral distribution of electrons in EAS at superhigh energies: predictions and experimental data // Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 2001. 97
Serebryakova T., Volkov A., Lagutin A., Raikin R., Misaki A. Lateral distributions of electrons in air showers initiated by ultra-high energy gamma quanta taking into account LPM and geomagnetic field effects // Journal of Physics: Conf. Series. 2019. 1181. 012088.
Heck D., Knapp J., Capdevielle J.N. et al. CORSIKA: A Monte Carlo code to simulate extensive air showers Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Report FZKA 6019 (1998)
Lipari P. Concepts of “age” and “universality” in cosmic ray showers // Phys. Rev. D. 2009. 79. 063001.
Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M. et al. The Pierre Auger Observatory Upgrade “AugerPrime” Preliminary Design Report arXiv: 1604.03637 [astroph. IM]. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.03637.pdf
Kido E. The TAx4 experiment // PoS (ICRC2017). 2017. 386.
Izvestiya of Altai State University is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Izvestiya of Altai State University allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to Izvestiya of Altai State University) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).