War in Mali: Destruction of Timbuktu Monuments

ББК 63.3(6Мал)-68 УДК 94(662.1)

  • V.R. Filippov Institute for African Studies RAS (Moscow, Russia) Email: fvr1957@mail.ru
Keywords: cultural heritage, traditions, values, Mali, Timbuktu, Jihadism

Abstract

The historical and cultural heritage of the region contains a powerful potential for its preservation and development. The more vividly colored the cultural specificity of the region, more precisely, the cultural peculiarity (and isolation) of the people living in the territory of this region, the greater the historical depth of the cultural tradition that determines the specifics of the population of the region, the more stable the local subculture (in this context, the totality of people having common features of culture and corresponding identity), the more cohesive, more stable the social group.

The destruction of the historical cultural heritage, the discrediting of culture, the destruction of the cultural symbols of a particular social community inevitably entails the blurring of its boundaries, the destruction of stable social ties, and the loss of collectively shared values. During the armed confrontation between government troops and jihadist gangs in the Republic of Mali, jihadists captured the ancient cultural capital of the Sahel, the city of Timbuktu.

Islamists destroyed ancient mosques and mausoleums, burned ancient manuscripts and libraries in which they were stored. It was an attempt to prevent the formation of a single national community and to prevent the creation of a multicultural nation-state.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

V.R. Filippov, Institute for African Studies RAS (Moscow, Russia)

доктор исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

References

Renan E. Quest-ce qu’une nation? Paris, 1882.

Филиппов В.Р. Советская теория этноса. Историографический очерк. М., 2010.

Anderson B. L'imaginaire national. Reflexions sur l'origine et l'essor du nationalism. Paris, 2002.

Филиппов В.Р., Дикко Э.Т. Мали на пути к национальному единству // Культурная сложность современных наций / отв. ред. В.А. Тишков, Е.И. Филиппова; Институт этнологии и антропологии им. Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая РАН. М., 2016.

Boza A. La destruction des mausolees de Tombouctou au Mali // Lumni. URL: https://enseignants.lumni.fr/fiche-media/00000001526/la-destruction-des-mausolees-de-tombouctou-au-mali.html (accessed: 22.03.2023).

Fournier L. Les mausolees de Tombouctou: constructions et deconstruction // Radio France. URL: https:// www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/les-mausolees-de-tombouctou-constructions-et-deconstruction-8486489 (accessed: 22.03.2023).

A propos de Tombouctou // UNESCO. URL: https:// whc.unesco.org/fr/canopee/tombouctou/#:~:text=En%20 2012%2C%20plusieurs%20b%C3%A2timents%20de,qui%20 a%20%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20compl%C3%A8tement%20 d%C3%A9moli (accessed: 22.03.2023).

Варвары XXI века: как уничтожают памятники истории и культуры // ТАСС. URL: https://tass.ru/ kultura/1802056 (дата обращения: 22.03.2023).

Al Mahdi Case. The Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi // International Criminal Court. Office of the Prosecutor. URL: https://www.icc-cpi.int/mali/al-mahdi (accessed: 22.03.2023).

UNESCO Reconstruction et restauration des mausolees de Tombouctou // UNESCO. URL: https://whc. unesco.org/fr/canopee/tombouctou/ (accessed: 22.03.2023).

Elondou L.A., Guesdon M. G., Joffroy T., Keita B., Diallo S., Stehl D., Rashti C. Mission conjointe en vue de levaluation du patrimoine culturel malien et des manuscrits anciens. Bamako et Tombouctou, 28 mai — 8 juin 2013. Paris ; Bamako, 2013.

Atelier d’Architecture Aldi. Releves architecturaux. Etat des lieux des mausolees detruits a Tombouctou. Rehabilitation. Bamako, 2013.

Ghetti А. Etude sur les mausolees. Paris, 2014.

Thierry J., Essayouti B. Lessons Learnt from the Reconstruction of the Destroyed Mausoleums of Timbuktu,

Mali // HERITAGE2020 (3DPast | RISK-Terra). International Conference, Sep 2020. Valencia, 2020.

Debut des travaux de reconstruction des mausolees de Tombouctou (Mali) inscrits sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial // UNESCO. URL: https://whc.unesco.org/fr/actualites/1112.

Bertagnin M., Sidi О^. Manuel pour la conservation de Tombouctou. Paris, 2014.

Joffroy T. et Al. Rapport. Etude de la construction a Tombouctou. Region Rhone-Alpes, Regionde Tombouctou, DNPC, CRAterre, 2016.

Sidi О.A. Les travaux saisonniers de reparations des mosquees de Tombouctou. Tombouctou, 1995.

Kone M. et Al. Guide dentretien des mausolees reconstruits et rehabilites de Tombouctou. Paris, 2016.

Elondou L., Cisse L. Reconstruction des mausolees de Tombouctou: le role des communautes locales // Patrimoine mundial: reconstruction et recouvrement, 2018.

Alhadje O.S. Etude historique sur les 16 mausolees du patrimoine mondial de Tombouctou et sur les mausolees non classes ayant une importance majeure. Place, 2014.

Traore Н. Le bien culturel de Tombouctou, une patrimonialisation discutee ? Conditions locales de reception de la notion de patrimoine de type UNESCO // Dossier: Patrimonialiser au Maghreb. 2018. № 19.

Cuno J. (Ed.) Cultural Heritage and Mass Atrocities. Paris, 2022.

Afghanistan: a Bamiyan, les statues de Bouddha retrouvent les talibans // Accueil France Info. URL: https:// www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afghanistan/afghanistan-a-bamiyan-les-statues-de-bouddhas-retrouvent-les-talibans_4859055.html (accessed: 22.03.2023).

Curry A. Les sites antiques endommages et detruits par l'Etat islamique // National geographic. URL: https:// www.nationalgeographic.fr/histoire/les-sites-antiques-endommages-et-detruits-par-letat-islamique (accessed: 22.03.2023).

Published
2023-12-09
How to Cite
Filippov V. War in Mali: Destruction of Timbuktu Monuments // Izvestiya of Altai State University, 2023, № 5(133). P. 70-75 DOI: 10.14258/izvasu(2023)5-11. URL: http://izvestiya.asu.ru/article/view/%282023%295-11.
Section
Всеобщая история. Специальные исторические дисциплины