Purposes and Тypes of Punishment in the Traditional Law of China
Abstract
The article deals with the development of the system of punishments in the traditional law of China, from the deep antiquity to the Tang Empire. It emphasizes the influence of religion, the close relationship of religious values and legal norms. The ancient basic legal systems are investigated and a conclusion is drawn about the existence of common approaches to solving the problems of the purposes of punishment and its types. A characteristic moment for the ancient Eastern states is the consolidation in the legislation and law enforcement practice of the talion principle, i.e. retribution equal to the equal. The origin of the "wu xing" system, its development and its final fixing in the criminal law of China are analyzed. Modern studies allow us to conclude that the system of “wu xing” was probably originated in the Zhan Guo period (5th -3rd centuries BC). During the Sui dynasty (6th century), a system of "five types of punishments" was formed, which was also received during the Tang dynasty. Tang's criminal institutions, for more than a millennium, streamlined the system of five basic punishments: blows with thin sticks, blows with thick sticks, hard labor, exile and death penalty.
The goals of the punishments were intimidation, restoration of social justice, crime prevention and re-education.
Downloads
References
Графский В.Г. Всеобщая история государства и права. — М., 2000.
Головащенко С. Право в Ветхом завете // Религия и право. — 2000. — № 4.
Шаргородский М.Д. Избранные работы по уголовному праву. — СПб., 2003.
Томсинов В.А. Государство и право Древнего Египта. — М., 2011.
Демидчик А.Е. Безымянная пирамида. Государственная доктрина древнеегипетской Гераклеопольской монархии. — СПб., 2005.
Законы Хаммурапи // Хрестоматия по истории государства и права зарубежных стран : в 2 т. — М., 2009. — Т. 1.
Законы Ману // Хрестоматия по истории государства и права зарубежных стран : в 2 т. — М., 2009. — Т. 1.
Законы Ману. — М., 2002.
Кычанов Е.И. Основы средневекового китайского права. — М., 1986.
Конфуций. Я верю в древность. — М., 1998.
Лунь Юй. Классическое конфуцианство. — СПб., 2000.
Кучера С. История, культура и право Древнего Китая. — М., 2012.
Сыма Цянь. Исторические записки. — М., 2001. — Т. 1.
Сыма Цянь. Исторические записки. — М., 2001. — Т. 2.
Крашенинникова Н.А. История права Востока. — М., 1994.
Izvestiya of Altai State University is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Izvestiya of Altai State University allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to Izvestiya of Altai State University) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
